The most common mental health consequences for LGBTQI+ persons (Reading)

Research consistently shows that LGBTQI+ persons have more mental health problems than cis normative, heterosexual persons, mostly due to the reasons explained in the previous text. Here are some of the most common problems:

Depression – Research has consistently shown higher rates of major depression and depressive symptoms (that do not meet the diagnostic criteria) for LGBTQI+ persons in comparison to cis normative heterosexual persons.

Anxiety – Psychological disorders or statuses linked to anxiety range from social anxiety, general anxiety disorders to panic attacks and specific phobias. Similar to depression, increased levels of anxiety and anxiety-related psychological disorders can be found amongst LGBTQI+ persons. Researchers have found links between internalised homo/transphobia, minority stress and anxiety disorders in the LGBTQI+ population.

Self-harm and suicide – LGBTQI+ persons are at high risk of self harm and suicide. These are not diagnosable conditions but are associated with many mental health conditions, and are a great concern when it comes to mental health. A research from 2011 (Grant et al) suggests that approximately 41% of gender diverse individuals have had at least one suicide attempt. LGBTQI+ youth are in particular a very high risk population regarding this matter. Risk factors for suicidal behaviour are: depression, substance use, traumatic experiences, peer rejection, feeling unsafe at school, lack of social support, family rejection, victimisation. If there is appropriate social and family support available for LGBTQI+ individuals, it can be a protective factor.

Substance abuse – Research suggests higher rates of alcohol and substance use and abuse among LGBTQI+ persons. Substance use can be a means of coping with the experienced minority stress, emotional pain and/or self-medicalisation of undiagnosed psychological states.

Trauma – Experiencing any kind of traumatic event can have a negative effect on mental health. LGBTQI+ persons are often at risk of being exposed to traumatic events and victimisation, such as experiencing rejection, being bullied, being assaulted because of their sexual orientation, gender identity or gender expression. Experiencing traumatic events can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and are linked to attachment problems, depression, anxiety, self harm, suicide, substance abuse and risky behaviour. When talking about traumatic experiences, not only single events are meant, but also longer and constant exposure to harmful or abusive situations.